<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<Plant_Description xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation = "http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/schema/plant_description_2_20.xsd">
	<taxon>
		<Rank>species</Rank>
		<Name>Aesculus sylvatica</Name>
		<Authority>Bartr.</Authority>
		<ITIS_Taxonomic_Serial_Number>28724</ITIS_Taxonomic_Serial_Number>
		<Synonym>
			<Name>Aesculus georgiana</Name>
			<Authority>Sarg.</Authority>
		</Synonym>
		<Synonym>
			<Name>Aesculus sylvatica var. lanceolata</Name>
			<Authority>(Sarg.) Bartr.</Authority>
		</Synonym>
		<Vernacular>painted buckeye</Vernacular>
	</taxon>
	<plant_habit_and_life_style>
		<life_span>perennial</life_span>
		<woodiness>woody</woodiness>
		<growth_habit>shrub</growth_habit>
		<growth_habit>tree</growth_habit>
		<herbaceous_plant_growth_form>n/a</herbaceous_plant_growth_form>
		<plant_height_when_mature>
			<absolute_minimum>1</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>1</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>5</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>15</absolute_maximum>
		</plant_height_when_mature>
		<nutrition>autotrophic</nutrition>
		<carnivory>not carnivorous</carnivory>
	</plant_habit_and_life_style>
	<stems>
		<stem_type>aerial stem</stem_type>
		<pith>continuous</pith>
		<color_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>green</color_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<color_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>orange</color_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<color_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>reddish-brown</color_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<diameter_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
			<absolute_minimum>unknown</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>unknown</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>unknown</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>unknown</absolute_maximum>
		</diameter_of_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<pubescence_of_herbaceous_stems_or_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>glabrous</pubescence_of_herbaceous_stems_or_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<pubescence_type_of_herbaceous_stems_or_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>n/a</pubescence_type_of_herbaceous_stems_or_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<other_surface_features_of_herbaceous_stems_or_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>smooth</other_surface_features_of_herbaceous_stems_or_young_twigs_LTE_one_year_old>
		<pubescence_of_two_to_four_year_old_twigs>glabrous</pubescence_of_two_to_four_year_old_twigs>
		<other_surface_features_of_two_to_four_year_old_twigs/>
		<leaf_scar_shape>shield-shaped</leaf_scar_shape>
		<leaf_scar_shape>triangular</leaf_scar_shape>
		<number_of_bundle_scars>
			<absolute_minimum>3</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>6</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>7</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>9</absolute_maximum>
		</number_of_bundle_scars>
		<stipule_scar_presence>absent</stipule_scar_presence>
		<stipule_scar_extent>n/a</stipule_scar_extent>
		<short_shoot_presence>absent</short_shoot_presence>
		<short_shoot_type>n/a</short_shoot_type>
		<bark_of_mature_trunks>flaky</bark_of_mature_trunks>
	</stems>
	<buds>
		<bud_position>axillary</bud_position>
		<bud_position>terminal</bud_position>
		<presence_of_bud_clusters_at_ends_of_twigs>absent</presence_of_bud_clusters_at_ends_of_twigs>
		<bud_color>reddish-brown</bud_color>
		<bud_length>
			<absolute_minimum>4</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>7</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>9</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>13</absolute_maximum>
		</bud_length>
		<bud_shape>ovoid</bud_shape>
		<bud_apex>blunt</bud_apex>
		<bud_apex>sharp</bud_apex>
		<bud_scale_type>imbricate</bud_scale_type>
		<bud_pubescence>unknown</bud_pubescence>
		<bud_pubesence_type>unknown</bud_pubesence_type>
		<other_surface_features_of_buds>unknown</other_surface_features_of_buds>
	</buds>
	<leaves>
		<leaf_duration>deciduous</leaf_duration>
		<leaf_complexity>compound</leaf_complexity>
		<leaf_attachment>petiolate</leaf_attachment>
		<leaf_position>cauline</leaf_position>
		<leaf_arrangement>opposite</leaf_arrangement>
		<leaf_orientation>spreading</leaf_orientation>
		<leaf_length>
			<absolute_minimum>15</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>15</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>35</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>35</absolute_maximum>
		</leaf_length>
		<leaf_width>
			<labsolute_minimum>15</labsolute_minimum>
			<lusual_minimum>15</lusual_minimum>
			<lusual_maximum>35</lusual_maximum>
			<labsolute_maximum>35</labsolute_maximum>
		</leaf_width>
		<leaf_shape>n/a</leaf_shape>
		<leaf_margin>n/a</leaf_margin>
		<leaf_apex>n/a</leaf_apex>
		<leaf_base>n/a</leaf_base>
		<leaf_shape_in_cross_section>two-sided</leaf_shape_in_cross_section>
		<number_of_needles_per_cluster_or_fascicle>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</number_of_needles_per_cluster_or_fascicle>
		<leaf_upper_surface_color>green</leaf_upper_surface_color>
		<leaf_upper_surface_color>yellow-green</leaf_upper_surface_color>
		<leaf_lower_surface_color>green</leaf_lower_surface_color>
		<leaf_upper_surface_color_variegation>absent</leaf_upper_surface_color_variegation>
		<leaf_lower_surface_color_variegation>absent</leaf_lower_surface_color_variegation>
		<leaf_upper_surface_pubescence>glabrate</leaf_upper_surface_pubescence>
		<leaf_upper_surface_pubescence>glabrous</leaf_upper_surface_pubescence>
		<leaf_upper_surface_pubescence_type>unknown</leaf_upper_surface_pubescence_type>
		<other_features_of_leaf_upper_surface>unknown</other_features_of_leaf_upper_surface>
		<leaf_lower_surface_pubescence>glabrous</leaf_lower_surface_pubescence>
		<leaf_lower_surface_pubescence>pubescent</leaf_lower_surface_pubescence>
		<leaf_lower_surface_pubescence_type>tomentose</leaf_lower_surface_pubescence_type>
		<other_features_of_leaf_lower_surface>unknown</other_features_of_leaf_lower_surface>
		<leaf_venation>n/a</leaf_venation>
		<number_of_secondary_veins_on_either_side_of_the_midvein>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</number_of_secondary_veins_on_either_side_of_the_midvein>
		<leaf_upper_surface_venation_relief>relatively planar</leaf_upper_surface_venation_relief>
		<leaf_lobing>n/a</leaf_lobing>
		<number_of_leaf_lobes>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</number_of_leaf_lobes>
		<leaf_division>once palmately compound</leaf_division>
		<leaflet_attachment>nearly sessile</leaflet_attachment>
		<leaflet_attachment>petiolulate</leaflet_attachment>
		<leaflet_number>
			<labsolute_minimum>5</labsolute_minimum>
			<lusual_minimum>5</lusual_minimum>
			<lusual_maximum>5</lusual_maximum>
			<labsolute_maximum>7</labsolute_maximum>
		</leaflet_number>
		<terminal_leaflet_presence>n/a</terminal_leaflet_presence>
		<leaflet_length>
			<absolute_minimum>8</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>8</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>20</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>20</absolute_maximum>
		</leaflet_length>
		<leaflet_width>
			<absolute_minimum>3</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>3</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>7</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>7</absolute_maximum>
		</leaflet_width>
		<leaflet_shape>lanceolate</leaflet_shape>
		<leaflet_shape>oblong</leaflet_shape>
		<leaflet_shape>obovate</leaflet_shape>
		<leaflet_shape>oval</leaflet_shape>
		<leaflet_margin>doubly serrate</leaflet_margin>
		<leaflet_margin>plane</leaflet_margin>
		<leaflet_margin>serrate</leaflet_margin>
		<leaflet_margin>serrulate</leaflet_margin>
		<leaflet_apex>acuminate</leaflet_apex>
		<leaflet_base>attenuate</leaflet_base>
		<leaflet_base>cuneate</leaflet_base>
		<leaflet_base>oblique</leaflet_base>
		<leaflet_venation>pinnate</leaflet_venation>
		<leaflet_lobing>unlobed</leaflet_lobing>
		<petiole_length>
			<absolute_minimum>5</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>5</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>15</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>15</absolute_maximum>
		</petiole_length>
		<petiole_pubescence>glabrous</petiole_pubescence>
		<petiole_pubescence_type>n/a</petiole_pubescence_type>
		<other_petiole_surface_features>unknown</other_petiole_surface_features>
		<rachis_pubescence>n/a</rachis_pubescence>
		<rachis_pubescence_type>n/a</rachis_pubescence_type>
		<other_rachis_surface_features>n/a</other_rachis_surface_features>
		<stipule_presence>absent</stipule_presence>
		<stipule_length>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</stipule_length>
		<stipule_persistence>n/a</stipule_persistence>
		<stipule_type>n/a</stipule_type>
	</leaves>
	<flowers>
		<general>
			<bloom_time>March</bloom_time>
			<bloom_time>April</bloom_time>
			<bloom_time>May</bloom_time>
			<bloom_time>June</bloom_time>
			<inflorescence_position>terminal</inflorescence_position>
			<inflorescence_type>panicle</inflorescence_type>
			<flower_attachment>stalked</flower_attachment>
			<flower_gender>bisexual</flower_gender>
			<flower_gender>staminate</flower_gender>
			<flower_gender>unisexual</flower_gender>
			<position_of_perianth>hypogynous</position_of_perianth>
			<composite_ray_floret_length>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</composite_ray_floret_length>
			<composite_ray_floret_number>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</composite_ray_floret_number>
			<composite_ray_floret_color>n/a</composite_ray_floret_color>
			<composite_disc_floret_length>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</composite_disc_floret_length>
			<composite_disc_floret_number>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</composite_disc_floret_number>
			<composite_disc_floret_color>n/a</composite_disc_floret_color>
		</general>
		<perianth>
			<calyx_symmetry>radially symmetric</calyx_symmetry>
			<calyx_fusion>synsepalous</calyx_fusion>
			<sepal_number>
				<absolute_minimum>5</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>5</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>5</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>5</absolute_maximum>
			</sepal_number>
			<calyx_tube_length>
				<absolute_minimum>6</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>6</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>15</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>15</absolute_maximum>
			</calyx_tube_length>
			<calyx_tube_width>
				<absolute_minimum>unknown</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>unknown</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>unknown</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>unknown</absolute_maximum>
			</calyx_tube_width>
			<sepal_length>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</sepal_length>
			<sepal_width>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</sepal_width>
			<sepal_orientation>ascending</sepal_orientation>
			<sepal_color>red</sepal_color>
			<sepal_color>yellow</sepal_color>
			<sepal_shape>oblong</sepal_shape>
			<sepal_shape>ovate</sepal_shape>
			<sepal_margin>serrate</sepal_margin>
			<sepal_apex>rounded</sepal_apex>
			<sepal_pubescence>pubescent</sepal_pubescence>
			<sepal_pubescence_type>tomentose</sepal_pubescence_type>
			<other_sepal_surface_features>unknown</other_sepal_surface_features>
			<sepal_persistence>caducous</sepal_persistence>
			<corolla_symmetry>asymmetric</corolla_symmetry>
			<corolla_fusion>apopetalous</corolla_fusion>
			<petal_number>
				<absolute_minimum>4</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>4</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>4</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>4</absolute_maximum>
			</petal_number>
			<corolla_shape>tubular</corolla_shape>
			<corolla_tube_length>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</corolla_tube_length>
			<corolla_tube_width>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</corolla_tube_width>
			<petal_length>
				<absolute_minimum>10</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>10</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>37</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>37</absolute_maximum>
			</petal_length>
			<petal_width>
				<absolute_minimum>3</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>3</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>10</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>10</absolute_maximum>
			</petal_width>
			<petal_orientation>ascending</petal_orientation>
			<petal_color>cream</petal_color>
			<petal_color>pink</petal_color>
			<petal_color>yellow-green</petal_color>
			<petal_shape>clawed</petal_shape>
			<petal_shape>obovate</petal_shape>
			<petal_shape>spatulate</petal_shape>
			<petal_margin>ciliate</petal_margin>
			<petal_apex>rounded</petal_apex>
			<petal_pubescence>pubescent</petal_pubescence>
			<petal_persistence>caducous</petal_persistence>
		</perianth>
		<androecium>
			<stamen_number>
				<absolute_minimum>6</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>6</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>7</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>7</absolute_maximum>
			</stamen_number>
			<stamen_position>unknown</stamen_position>
			<stamen_grouping_and_fusion>separate</stamen_grouping_and_fusion>
			<filament_length>
				<absolute_minimum>18</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>18</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>30</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>30</absolute_maximum>
			</filament_length>
			<anther_length>
				<absolute_minimum>unknown</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>unknown</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>unknown</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>unknown</absolute_maximum>
			</anther_length>
			<staminode_presence>absent</staminode_presence>
		</androecium>
		<gynoecium>
			<ovary_position>superior</ovary_position>
			<pistil_number>
				<absolute_minimum>1</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>1</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>1</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>1</absolute_maximum>
			</pistil_number>
			<carpel_fusion>syncarpous</carpel_fusion>
			<number_of_carpels_per_flower>
				<absolute_minimum>3</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>3</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>3</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>3</absolute_maximum>
			</number_of_carpels_per_flower>
			<number_of_styles_per_pistil>
				<absolute_minimum>1</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>1</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>1</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>1</absolute_maximum>
			</number_of_styles_per_pistil>
			<ovary_length>
				<absolute_minimum>unknown</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>unknown</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>unknown</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>unknown</absolute_maximum>
			</ovary_length>
			<style_length>
				<absolute_minimum>unknown</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>unknown</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>unknown</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>unknown</absolute_maximum>
			</style_length>
			<stigma_length>
				<absolute_minimum>unknown</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>unknown</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>unknown</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>unknown</absolute_maximum>
			</stigma_length>
			<placentation>axile</placentation>
		</gynoecium>
		<other_floral_features>
			<receptacle_shape>unknown</receptacle_shape>
			<receptacle_chaff_presence>n/a</receptacle_chaff_presence>
			<hypanthium_presence>unknown</hypanthium_presence>
			<involucre_shape>n/a</involucre_shape>
			<phyllary_length>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</phyllary_length>
			<phyllary_number>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</phyllary_number>
			<phyllary_color>n/a</phyllary_color>
			<phyllary_orientation>n/a</phyllary_orientation>
			<phyllary_shape>n/a</phyllary_shape>
			<phyllary_margin>n/a</phyllary_margin>
			<phyllary_apex>n/a</phyllary_apex>
			<phyllary_pubescence>n/a</phyllary_pubescence>
			<phyllary_pubescence_type>n/a</phyllary_pubescence_type>
			<other_phyllary_surface_features>n/a</other_phyllary_surface_features>
			<pappus_type>n/a</pappus_type>
			<pappus_whorl_complexity>n/a</pappus_whorl_complexity>
			<pappus_number>
				<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
				<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
				<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
				<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
			</pappus_number>
			<pappus_color>n/a</pappus_color>
		</other_floral_features>
	</flowers>
	<fruits>
		<fruit_type>capsule</fruit_type>
		<fruit_type>loculicidal capsule</fruit_type>
		<fruit_length>
			<absolute_minimum>2</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>2</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>4</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>4</absolute_maximum>
		</fruit_length>
		<color_of_mature_fruit>brown</color_of_mature_fruit>
		<color_of_mature_fruit>tan</color_of_mature_fruit>
		<time_to_maturity>
			<absolute_minimum>1</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>1</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>1</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>1</absolute_maximum>
		</time_to_maturity>
	</fruits>
	<cones>
		<pollen_shed_time>n/a</pollen_shed_time>
		<pollen_cone_length>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</pollen_cone_length>
		<length>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</length>
		<position>n/a</position>
		<attachment>n/a</attachment>
		<color_before_maturity>n/a</color_before_maturity>
		<color_when_mature>n/a</color_when_mature>
		<symmetry>n/a</symmetry>
		<shape_before_opening>n/a</shape_before_opening>
		<shape_after_opening>n/a</shape_after_opening>
		<time_to_maturity>
			<absolute_minimum>n/a</absolute_minimum>
			<usual_minimum>n/a</usual_minimum>
			<usual_maximum>n/a</usual_maximum>
			<absolute_maximum>n/a</absolute_maximum>
		</time_to_maturity>
		<persistence>n/a</persistence>
		<serotiny>n/a</serotiny>
		<scale_type>n/a</scale_type>
		<armature_prescence>n/a</armature_prescence>
		<armature_persistence>n/a</armature_persistence>
		<armature_features>n/a</armature_features>
		<apophysis_features>n/a</apophysis_features>
	</cones>
	<other_features>
		<habitat>bottomland forests</habitat>
		<habitat>mesic upland forests</habitat>
		<habitat>mixed forest edges</habitat>
		<distribution_of_gender>polygamous</distribution_of_gender>
		<presence_of_milky_sap>absent</presence_of_milky_sap>
		<root_type>fibrous</root_type>
		<root_type>tap</root_type>
		<special_diagnostic_characters>Capsules split open revealing 1 to 3 (rarely to 6) large, smooth, lustrous, dark brown seeds, each with a conspicuous light brown scar.</special_diagnostic_characters>
	</other_features>
</Plant_Description>